Dreams Rem :: essays research papers

Dreams are a form of cognitive activity that occur during log Zs. Like vivid memories and daytime fantasies, dreams involve visual images in the absence of external visual stimulation. Some dreams are so realistic and well organized that we feel as though they must be real-- that we simply cannot be dreaming this time.Dreaming has always been the area of controversy. Egyptian papyrus documents dating back to 2000 BC discuss dreams and their interpretations. In ancient Greece the dreamer was believed to be in contact with the gods. In 1900, Sigmund Freud ushered in the modern age of dream research in his monu psychologically original concord The Interpretation of dreams. According to Freud, dreams have a meaning which can be deciphered if one looks deeply enough. In his view, the dreams concerns the dreamers past and present, and it arises from unknown regions within. He saw the dream as significantly analogous to a neurotic symptom. On the surface, they both appear meaningless and bizarre, but they become comprehendible when understood asveiled expressions of an unconscious clash between competing motives.Freud real an elaborate theory and how the mind works while asleep. In 1953 sleep researchers led by Nathaniel Kleitman made the important discovery of rapid center movement--or rapid eye movement sleep-- sleep. Curious about(predicate) the long-standing observation that the eyeballs of sleeping subjects in both military personnel and animals periodically move during sleep, they connected testing ground subjects to equipment that measured their brain waves, musculus tone, and eye movement. About 90% of the time when subjects were awakened during REM sleep, they describe a dream. Prior to laboratory REM research, it was unknown how frequently man dreamed. Some theories even held that dreaming was a signal of mental disturbance. With laboratory REM research, however, subjects can be awakened after each REM period in order for researchers to exte nsively sample most mental activity that occurs during sleep. It was discovered that reality, and all mammals--except the echidna or spiny anteater, and by chance the duckbill platypus-- dream every night. In adult humans these dreams go about about 90 minutes after the sleep begins and recur about 90 minutes apart with increasing length, for a total of tight 2 hours of REM dreaming per night. With approximately five dreams a night, humans will have about 136,000 dreams in a lifetime, spending the analogous of six years in a REM dream state. For a newborn, REM sleep constitutes 50% of sleep.